Analysis of the Crashworthiness of the Aircraft Design Free Essay Example, 2250 words

In this paper, the crashworthiness of the aircraft design is analysed. Crashworthiness means the ability of the aircraft to protect the passengers during a crash. In order to study the crashworthiness of the aircraft design without using crash outcomes, the deformation patterns of the aircraft structure can be studied. The acceleration forces on the aircraft during a crash can be simulated by computer. Human body models can predict injury probabilities during a crash of the designed aircraft. Injury criteria are used, which correlate forces with injury risk. Although composite materials weigh less than aluminum and have more corrosion resistance, which will lower maintenance, composite materials also have more failure characteristics in high-energy crashes (Langevin, 2003). Composite materials are brittle, and lack plasticity following an impact, so that a change in configuration may be needed in an aircraft design to ensure that crashworthiness criteria are met. An important aspect of aircraft impact survivability is the strength of the passenger seats. The response of seat structures to impact loads shows a need for higher static seat strength. There are load-limiting devices that can be implemented so that the loads transmitted to passengers during a crash will be minimized. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Crashworthiness of the Aircraft Design or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page A comparison of two similar real-life crash events shows that energy absorbing seats and restraint systems can mean the difference between walking away and not surviving (Langevin, 2003).

The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change Advice For...

The Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change advice for policy makers is a book with various statistics and facts about what the scientific community has been noticing about the changing environment. The hope for the panel when making this booklet is that they could help guide policy makers towards making more informed decisions about their policies and the effect it is having on the environment. While some of the evidence is almost indisputable many politicians still argue their validity due to personal beliefs or because they receive campaign donations from companies who do not want to see environmental policies change. The booklet is split up into three different parts, observations of the changes in the environment around us, future risks these changes can have, and how to manage these risks and build a sustainable planet for everybody. The booklet describes many various pieces of evidence from what they have seen around the world and have even rated their certainty on their hy pothesizes. The section starts out about how the global temperature has been increasing rapidly over the past century. They also state that the reason the temperature has been rising is due to human activity and the rise in the amount of greenhouse gases that we release. The amount of human death we had so far is unknown due to the wide cause of effects the rising temperature can have. Nobody knows how much food is lost from climate change or how many water borne illnesses have killed peopleShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Gender And Climate Change3247 Words   |  13 PagesGender and Climate Change Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between masculinity and femininity while Climate change refers to the build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causing temperature rises, melting of the ice caps and rising sea levels. 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Furthermore, there appears to be a lot of â€Å"excess capacity†, i.e., there may not be a need for drastic cuts or changes in lifestyles – what is needed are merely more efficient ways of energy production and use. 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Islam Is A Monotheistic Religion - 2152 Words

Islam is a monotheistic religion that is based on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as â€Å"an expression of surrender to the will of Allah (God), the creator and sustainer of the world† (qtd. in â€Å"Islam†). In order to fully understand the religion, one must understand the history, the beliefs, and the followers of Islam. Islam is known as the most misunderstood religion in the world due to events that have occurred since the development of the religion and some of the actions of people who consider themselves as â€Å"Muslims.† Learning about the religion will help clear up the misunderstanding and define the true meaning of being a Muslim. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born around 570 CE in the city of Mecca, Arabia. He was the first and only son of Abdullah and Amina. His father, Abdullah, died before Muhammad (PBUH) was born, leaving him to be raised by his mother. Amina kept with the Meccan tradition and gave her son to Halima who was a wet nurse a nd suckled Muhammad (PBUH). At around 575 CE, Amina took her son to Yathrib, an oasis town north of Mecca, to stay with relatives and visit his father’s grave. On the way back to Mecca, Amina got sick and died. Halima then returned to Mecca with Muhammad (PBUH) and put him in the protection of his parental grandfather, Abdul Al-Muttalib. His grandfather was a much respected leader in Mecca, the most important pilgrimage center in Arabia. When Muhammad was about eight years old, his grandfather passed away, leaving him inShow MoreRelatedIslam, A Monotheistic Religion1290 Words   |  6 Pages Islam, a monotheistic religion, means submitting one’s will to Allah’s will. When Allah created the Universe, He did not invite anyone to challenge His creation. Allah has a purpose for everything He creates, therefore He does not need to explain what He does to His creation. 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The Great Depression And Its Effect On Society - 1818 Words

The Great Depression was a time of hard long working days , short sleepless nights , days without eating and a lot of traveling and today is much different with the new high tech technology people are creating to the money people receive and much more. Although the Great Depression was terrible time to live through , there is some similarities to today but not as significant from before. There are many elements on society that are different from the early 1930’s and today , 2016. Some prime examples are the houses they have now , which are actually homes and not boxes they used to sleep in , the jobs are completely different in what people are doing to the money they are making and another one is the liveliness the community did for fun to enjoy themselves with their peers. so much has evolved from before from the physical , visual , economical , and emotional standpoint but not all is perfect just a major upgrade from the stock market crash. The start of of economic doom was on October 29, 1929 where eight to nine million dollars was lost in value which is known as â€Å"Black Tuesday†. There was multi factors that led up to the worst economic crisis in american history such as the U.S. stock market crash in October 1929 and the widespread failure of the American banking system. Which started as a U.S problem shortly spreaded around the world and became a worldwide depression. Millions of people got laid off of work and without any income coming in , and no welfareShow MoreRelatedEffects Of The Great Depression On Society1500 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican may remember horror stories of the effect the Great Depression had on society. Although devastating it was not the first time workers had the task to endure the financial difficulties of an impending recession. The Panic of 1792, where two situations occurred almost simultaneously which produced the first financial crisis. This was the first time which Americans experienced a bank run when U S securities and bank stock prices started to increase. During the Revolutionary war I, the USRead MoreThe Great Depression And Its Effects On Society Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression began in 1929 and continued to ravage the families of New Zealand and the majority of the world until 1935, with devastating effects. The stock market crash caused massive economic downturn therefore generating unemployment on a scale never seen before, and negative impact on society. Political action and reform was required, though initially the government did not provide an adequate response to the problem. The group that was most affected was in fact men, which were in thisRead MoreEffects Of The Great Depression On Society1905 Words   |  8 Pages The Great Depression occurred between the years 1929 and 1939 in America. The Great Depression was the longest-lasting economic downfall in America’s history. 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It gave society a push into a new direction. In order to survive, a number of people had to move away from their traditional way of living in order to take care of their household (GoutourRead MoreThe Shady Shift After World War I1166 Words   |  5 PagesBut while everyone enjoyed the new amenities and frivolous spending, no one knew what was going on with the banks. Most people were extremely overjoyed with all the money coming in, it hadn’t occurred to them what problems were happening. The Great Depression wasn t just caused by the Stock Market Crash but by false prosperity, and overproduction, which affected people s social life, banks, and unemployment across the country. It was only nine short years of prosperity until a dark cloud came rolling Read MoreCultural And Social Aspects Of The Great Depression1073 Words   |  5 Pagesonly as a nation, but also as a global community. 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Last Sacrifice Chapter Thirty Free Essays

I DIDN’T RUN INTO HIS arms like I usually did. How could I? After what I’d done? No. I couldn’t playact anymore. We will write a custom essay sample on Last Sacrifice Chapter Thirty or any similar topic only for you Order Now I still wasn’t entirely sure what the future held for Dimitri and me, not until he answered my ultimatum. I did, however, know I had to cut Adrian loose. My feelings for him were still strong, and I wondered if it was even remotely possible for us to be friends. Regardless, I couldn’t lead him on after sleeping with Dimitri. It hadn’t been murder, no, but it had certainly been dishonorable. Yet †¦ I couldn’t say any of that to Adrian now, I realized. I couldn’t break up with him in a dream. That was almost as bad as a text breakup. Besides, I had a feeling that †¦ well, I’d probably need his help. So much for honor. Soon, I swore. Soon I’ll tell him. He didn’t seem to notice my lack of embrace. But he did notice something else. â€Å"Wow.’ We stood in St. Vladimir’s library of all places, and I gave him a puzzled look across the study tables stretching before us. â€Å"Wow what?’ â€Å"Your †¦ your aura. It’s †¦ amazing. It’s shining. I mean, it always shines, but today †¦ well, I’ve never seen anything like it. I didn’t expect that after everything that happened.’ I shifted uncomfortably. If I lit up around Dimitri normally, what on earth happened to my aura post-sex? â€Å"After what happened?’ I asked, deflecting the comment. He chuckled and approached me. His hand reached unconsciously for his cigarettes, paused, and then dropped to his side. â€Å"Oh, come on. Everyone’s talking about it. How you and Belikov kidnapped Jailbait–what’s up with that anyway?–and coerced that Alchemist. It’s the hottest news around here. Well, aside from the elections. The last test is coming up.’ â€Å"That’s right †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ I murmured. It had almost been twenty-four hours since Lissa had received the riddle. There was only a little time left, and last I knew, she had no answer. â€Å"Why are you sleeping in the middle of the day anyway?’ he asked. â€Å"I didn’t really expect to catch you. Figured you’d be on a human schedule.’ â€Å"It †¦ it was kind of a rough night, what with escaping a legion of guardians and all.’ Adrian caught hold of my hand, frowning slightly when I didn’t squeeze his in return. The frown lightened quickly into his easy smile. â€Å"Well, I’d worry more about your old man than them. He is pissed that you didn’t stay put. And that he can’t get in to see the Alchemists. Believe me, he’s been trying.’ That almost made me laugh, except it wasn’t the outcome I’d wanted either. â€Å"So he’s not all-powerful after all.’ I sighed. â€Å"That’s what we need. Sydney. Or, well, that guy who’s with her. The one who allegedly knows something.’ I flashed back, again seeing the recognition on Ian’s face. He knows the man who attacked Lissa and bribed Joe. â€Å"We need him.’ â€Å"From what I picked up,’ said Adrian, â€Å"the guardians are just kind of lingering around the hotel, mostly concerned with the Alchemists leaving. But they’re controlling who’s getting in. They won’t let any of us–or other Alchemists–get through. There are lots of other human guests, and I guess Abe tried to disguise himself–and failed.’ Poor Zmey. â€Å"He should have had more faith in the guardians. They aren’t going to let anyone but themselves get in and out.’ My own words brought me to a halt. â€Å"That’s it †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Adrian eyed me suspiciously. â€Å"Oh no. I know that look. Something crazy is about to happen.’ I caught hold of his hand, now out of excitement, rather than love. â€Å"Get to Mikhail. Have him meet us †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ I blanked. I’d seen the town the Alchemists were staying in. As the closest to Court, we often drove through it. I racked my brain, trying to think of some detail. â€Å"At that restaurant with the red sign. It’s on the far side. Always advertising buffets.’ â€Å"Easier said than done, little dhampir. They’re using every guardian at Court to keep the elections under control. If Lissa hadn’t been attacked, they wouldn’t let your mom stay with her. I don’t think Mikhail can get out.’ â€Å"He’ll find a way,’ I said confidently. â€Å"Tell him this is it–it’s the key to the murder. The answer. He’s resourceful.’ Adrian looked skeptical, but it was hard for him to refuse me anything. â€Å"When?’ When indeed? It was almost noon, and I hadn’t paid much attention to where we’d stopped. How long would it take us to reach Court? From what I knew about the elections, those who passed this last test would give speeches when the Moroi day started. In theory, they’d then go straight to voting–except, if our plan worked, Lissa’s involvement would slow that down for days. Provided she passed. â€Å"Midnight,’ I said. If I was guessing correctly, the Court would be completely wrapped up in the election drama, making it easier for Mikhail to get out. I hoped. â€Å"Will you tell him?’ â€Å"Anything for you.’ Adrian swept me a gallant bow. â€Å"Although, I still think it’s dangerous for you to be involved directly with this.’ â€Å"I have to do this myself,’ I said. â€Å"I can’t hide.’ He nodded, as though he understood. I wasn’t sure he did. â€Å"Thank you,’ I told him. â€Å"Thank you so much for everything. Now go.’ Adrian gave me a crooked grin. â€Å"Boy, you don’t waste any time kicking a guy out of bed, huh?’ I flinched, the joke hitting a little too close to home. â€Å"I want Mikhail to be prepared. And I also need to watch Lissa’s last test.’ This sobered Adrian. â€Å"Does she have a chance? Will she pass?’ â€Å"I don’t know,’ I admitted. â€Å"This is a tough one.’ â€Å"Okay. We’ll see what we can do.’ He gave me a small kiss. My lips responded automatically, but my heart wasn’t into it. â€Å"And Rose? I mean it. Be careful. You’re going to be awfully close to Court. Not to mention a bunch of guardians who have you on their most wanted list and will probably try to kill you.’ â€Å"I know,’ I said, choosing not to mention that there was no â€Å"probably’ about it. With that, he vanished, and I woke. Strangely, what I found in my own world seemed almost more dreamlike than what I’d experienced with Adrian. Dimitri and I were still in bed, snuggled under the covers, our bodies and limbs still wrapped around each other. He slept with that rare peaceful look of his and almostseemed to smile. For half a second, I considered waking him and telling him we had to hit the road. A look at the clock happily squashed that thought. We still had time, plus it was getting close to the test. I had to go to Lissa and trusted Sonya would come by if we overslept. Sure enough, I’d gauged the testing correctly. Lissa was cutting across the Court’s lawns, marching like someone going to a funeral. The sun, flowers, and birds were lost on her. Even her company did little to cheer her up: Christian, my mom, and Tasha. â€Å"I can’t do this,’ she said, staring ahead at the building that held her fate. â€Å"I can’t do this test.’ The tattoo kept her from giving out any more information. â€Å"You’re smart. Brilliant.’ Christian’s arm was around her waist, and in that moment, I loved him for his confidence in her. â€Å"You can do it.’ â€Å"You don’t understand,’ she said, with a sigh. She’d come up with no answers to the riddle, meaning the plan was at stake–and her desire to prove herself. â€Å"For once he does,’ said Tasha, a slight teasing tone in her voice. â€Å"You can do it. You have to do it. We have so much riding on it.’ Her confidence didn’t make Lissa feel better. If anything, it added to the pressure. She would fail, just like in the Council dream the chalice had shown her. She’d had no answer there either. â€Å"Lissa!’ A voice brought them to a halt, and Lissa turned to see Serena running toward them, her long athletic legs quickly covering the distance between them. â€Å"Hi Serena,’ said Lissa. â€Å"We can’t stop. The test–‘ â€Å"I know, I know.’ Serena was flushed, not with exertion, but with anxiety. She proffered a piece of paper. â€Å"I made your list. As many as I could remember.’ â€Å"What list?’ asked Tasha. â€Å"Moroi that the queen was having trained, to see how well they could learn fighting.’ Tasha’s eyebrows rose in surprise. She hadn’t been around when they’d discussed it last time. â€Å"Tatiana was training fighters? I never heard about anything like that.’ I had a feeling she would have liked to be one of the ones helping with instruction. â€Å"Most didn’t,’ agreed Lissa, straightening the piece of paper. â€Å"It was a big secret.’ The group crowded around to read the names, listed in Serena’s neat handwriting. Christian let out a low whistle. â€Å"Tatiana might have been open to the idea of defense but only for certain people.’ â€Å"Yes,’ agreed Tasha. â€Å"This is definitely an A-list.’ All the names were royal. Tatiana hadn’t brought in â€Å"commoners’ for her experiment. This was the elite of the elite, though as Ambrose had noted, Tatiana had gone out of her way to get a variety of ages and genders. â€Å"Camille Conta?’ asked Lissa in surprise. â€Å"Never saw that coming. She was always really bad in P.E.’ â€Å"And there’s another of our cousins,’ added Christian, pointing to Lia Ozera. He glanced at Tasha, who was still in disbelief. â€Å"Did you know that?’ â€Å"No. I wouldn’t have guessed her either.’ â€Å"Half the nominees too,’ mused Lissa. Rufus Tarus, Ava Drozdov, and Ellis Badica. â€Å"Too bad they–oh my God. Adrian’s mother?’ Sure enough: Daniella Ivashkov. â€Å"Whoa,’ said Christian. That summed up my reaction too. â€Å"Pretty sure Adrian didn’t know about that.’ â€Å"Does she support Moroi fighting?’ asked my mom, surprised as well. Lissa shook her head. â€Å"No. From what I know about her, she is definitely in favor of leaving defense to dhampirs.’ Neither of us could imagine beautiful and proper Daniella Ivashkov in a fight. â€Å"She already hated Tatiana,’ noted Tasha. â€Å"I’m sure this did lovely things for their relationship. Those two bickered all the time behind closed doors.’ An uncomfortable silence fell. Lissa looked at Serena. â€Å"Did these people see the queen a lot? Would they have had access to her?’ â€Å"Yes,’ said Serena uneasily. â€Å"According to Grant, Tatiana watched every training sessions. After he died †¦ she started debriefing with the students individually, to see how well they’d learned.’ She paused. â€Å"I think †¦ I think she might have met with some the night she died.’ â€Å"Had they progressed enough to learn to use a stake?’ asked Lissa. Serena grimaced. â€Å"Yes. Some better than others.’ Lissa looked back at the list, feeling ill. So much opportunity. So much motivation. Was the answer here on this piece of paper? Was the murderer right before her? Serena had said earlier that Tatiana had purposely picked people resistant to training, probably to see if the obstinate could still learn. Had she gone too far with someone? One name in particular kept scrolling across Lissa’s mind. â€Å"I hate to interrupt,’ said my mother. Her tone and stance indicated sleuth time was over; it was back to business. â€Å"We’ve got to move, or you’ll be late.’ Lissa realized my mom was right and shoved the piece of paper in her pocket. Being late to the test meant failure. Lissa thanked Serena, reassuring her that this had been the right thing to do. Then, my friends moved away quickly, feeling the press of time as they hurried toward the testing building. â€Å"Damn,’ muttered Lissa, in a rare show of swearing. â€Å"I don’t think that old lady’ll tolerate any lateness.’ â€Å"Old lady?’ My mother laughed, surprising us all. She could move faster than everyone and was obviously restraining her pace for them. â€Å"The one running most of the tests? You don’t know who she is?’ â€Å"How would I?’ asked Lissa. â€Å"I figured she was just someone they recruited.’ â€Å"Not just someone. That’s Ekaterina Zeklos.’ â€Å"What?’ Lissa nearly stopped but still had their time crunch in mind. â€Å"She was †¦ she was the queen before Tatiana, right?’ â€Å"I thought she retired to some island,’ said Christian, just as surprised. â€Å"Not sure if it was an island,’ said Tasha, â€Å"but she did step down when she thought she was too old and went off to live in luxury–and away from politics–once Tatiana was on the throne.’ Too old? That had been twenty years ago. No wonder she seemed ancient. â€Å"If she was happy to get out of politics, then why is she back?’ asked Lissa. My mother opened the door for all of them when they reached the building, after first peering inside for any threats. It was so instinctual for her that she continued the conversation without missing a beat. â€Å"Because it’s custom for the last monarch to test the new one–if possible. In this case, it obviously wasn’t, so Ekaterina came out of retirement to do her duty.’ Lissa could barely believe that she’d been chatting casually with the Moroi’s last queen, a very powerful and beloved queen. As soon as her group entered the hallway, Lissa was escorted by guardians and hurried toward the testing room. Their faces showed they hadn’t thought she’d make it. Several spectators, also apparently worried, cheered at her appearance giving the usual shouts about Alexandra and the dragons. Lissa had no chance to respond or even say goodbye to her friends before she was practically pushed into the room. The guardians looked relieved. The door shut, and Lissa found herself staring once more at Ekaterina Zeklos. Seeing the old woman had been intimidating before, but now †¦ Lissa’s anxiety doubled. Ekaterina gave her a crooked smile. â€Å"I was afraid you wouldn’t make it,’ she said. â€Å"Should have known better. You aren’t the type to back down.’ Lissa was still starstruck and almost felt the need to ramble out an excuse, explaining about Serena’s list. But, no. Ekaterina didn’t care about that right now, and one didn’t make excuses to someone like her anyway, Lissa decided. If you screwed up, you apologized. â€Å"I’m sorry,’ said Lissa. â€Å"No need to be,’ said Ekaterina. â€Å"You made it. Do you know the answer? What must a queen possess in order to truly rule her people?’ Lissa’s tongue felt thick in her mouth. She didn’t know the answer. It really was just like the Council dream. Investigating Tatiana’s murder had taken so much time. For a strange moment, Lissa’s heart burned with sympathy for that prickly queen. She’d done what she thought best for the Moroi and had died for it. Lissa even felt bad now, staring at Ekaterina. This former queen had probably never expected to be taken away from her–island?–retirement and forced back into Court life. Yet, she had come when needed. And just like that, Lissa suddenly knew the answer. â€Å"Nothing,’ she said softly. â€Å"A queen must possess nothing to rule because she has to give everything she has to her people. Even her life.’ The widening of Ekaterina’s gap-toothed grin told Lissa she’d answered correctly. â€Å"Congratulations, my dear. You’ve made it through to tomorrow’s vote. I hope you’ve got a speech ready to win over the Council. You’ll have to give it in the morning.’ Lissa swayed slightly, not sure what to say now, let alone in a formal speech. Ekaterina seemed to sense how in shock Lissa was, and the smile that always seemed so mischievous turned gentle. â€Å"You’ll be fine. You made it this far. The speech is the easy part. Your father would be proud. All the Dragomirs before you would be.’ That nearly brought tears to Lissa’s eyes, and she shook her head. â€Å"I don’t know about that. We all know I’m not a real candidate. This was just †¦ well, kind of an act.’ Somehow, she didn’t feel bad admitting that in front of Ekaterina. â€Å"Ariana’s the one who deserves the crown.’ Ekaterina’s ancient eyes bored into Lissa, and that smiled faded. â€Å"You haven’t heard then. No, of course you wouldn’t have with how quickly this is all happening.’ â€Å"Heard what?’ Sympathy washed over Ekaterina’s face, and later, I’d wonder if that compassion was because of the message she delivered or because of Lissa’s reaction. â€Å"Ariana Szelsky didn’t pass this test †¦ she couldn’t solve the riddle †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ â€Å"Rose, Rose.’ Dimitri was shaking me, and it took several seconds for me to shift from being a shocked Lissa to a startled Rose. â€Å"We have to–‘ he began. â€Å"Oh my God,’ I interrupted. â€Å"You will not believe what I just saw.’ He went rigid. â€Å"Is Lissa okay?’ â€Å"Yeah, fine, but–‘ â€Å"Then we’ll worry about that later. Right now, we have to leave.’ I noticed then that he was fully dressed while I was still naked. â€Å"What’s going on?’ â€Å"Sonya came by–don’t worry.’ The shock that my face must have shown made him smile. â€Å"I got dressed and didn’t let her come in. But she said the front desk called. They’re starting to realize we had an unusual check-in. We need to get out of here.’ Midnight. We had to meet Mikhail at midnight and get the last piece of the mystery that consumed us. â€Å"No problem,’ I said, tossing the covers off me. As I did, I saw Dimitri’s eyes on me, and I was kind of surprised at the admiration and hunger I saw there. Somehow, even after sex, I’d kind of expected him to be detached and wear his guardian face–particularly considering our sudden urgency to leave. â€Å"You see something you like?’ I asked, echoing something I’d said to him long ago, when he’d caught me in a compromising position at school. â€Å"Lots,’ he said. The emotion burning in those eyes was too much for me. I looked away, my heart pounding in my chest as I pulled my clothes on. â€Å"Don’t forget,’ I said softly. â€Å"Don’t forget †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ I couldn’t finish, but there was no need. â€Å"I know, Roza. I haven’t forgotten.’ I slipped on my shoes, wishing I was weaker and would let my ultimatum slide. I couldn’t, though. No matter what had passed between us verbally and physically, no matter how close we were to our fairy-tale ending †¦ there was no future until he could forgive himself. Sonya and Jill were ready and waiting when we emerged from our room, and something told me Sonya knew what had happened between Dimitri and me. Damned auras. Or maybe you didn’t need magical powers to see that kind of thing. Maybe the afterglow just naturally showed on someone’s face. â€Å"I need you to make a charm,’ I told Sonya, once we were on the road. â€Å"And we have to stop in Greenston.’ â€Å"Greenston?’ asked Dimitri. â€Å"What for?’ â€Å"It’s where the Alchemists are being held.’ I had already started slinging the pieces together. Who hated Tatiana–both because of her personality and for having Ambrose? Who resented her wanting Moroi to fight Strigoi? Who feared her endorsing spirit and its dangerous effects on people, say, like Adrian? Who wanted to see a different family on the throne to support new beliefs? And who would be happy to have me locked away and out of the picture? I took a deep breath, scarcely believing what I was about to say. â€Å"And it’s where we’re going to find proof that Daniella Ivashkov murdered Tatiana.’ How to cite Last Sacrifice Chapter Thirty, Essay examples

Cost and Management Accounting Study of D

Question: Discuss about the Calculation of exact cost of collecting and disposing of rubbish from a residential address for one year. Answer: Calculation of exact cost of collecting and disposing of rubbish from a residential address, depend majorly on two factors i.e. volume and content of the trash. Study of D'Onza (2016) shows that generally costs are determined on the basis of free market competition by considering services provided by competing for waste removal businesses (D'Onza, Greco Allegrini, 2016). Further, there are areas where the cap is enforced by local government on profit margins for these services so that consumers are not required to pay unreasonable costs for these services. By considering this description, it can be said that service charge of junk removal will be based first on type and size of the junk and second on a number of truckloads otherwise the total time consumed to haul the junk. This cost will be increased by supplementary charges which will comprise fees for transporting waste to the appropriate place. This cost is added as delivery needs of trash requires some chemical and proper arrangements that cannot be left in landfills. The cost of trash removal will also be inclusive of labour charges particularly in a situation where this job consumes time more than one hour or more. Homeowners in the residential area required to pay for this service will: Get a team that will remove their all of the rubbishes Items of the collected trash will be sorted and delivered to a landfill or other proper delivery area. Have their home and other related spaces properly cleaned following the removal Table 1: Statement showing cost of collecting trash in Australia in residential area Particular Amount Labour charges $7,200.00 Rental cost of vehicle $10,800.00 Amount paid for disposal of waste $5,000.00 Fuel charges $9,000.00 Chemical charges $2,500.00 Landfills $5,000.00 Other related costs $1,000.00 Total cost $40,500.00 Number of houses 100 Average annual cost $405.00 The assumption of cost has been made by considering annual parameters of expenses in the medium city of Australia. By this cost structure, residents will not be in doubt that payment taken by them is for unfair aspects. Further, this cost will be charged by adding 10% margin in order to kept surplus for unseen circumstances related to waste management. For fair pricing, ABC City Council should not charge the same rate from all residential as it is totally unfair. Charges can be imposed in residential areas on the basis of following measures: Table 2: Statement showing measures on which charges can be imposed for trash collection and disposal Charges On the basis of load factor On the basis of area $70-$100 for a minimum load ( $90-$130 for ? load (10 sq. ft.) $130-$180 for ? load (13.3 sq. ft.) $240-$280 for - ? load (20 - 26.6 sq. ft.) $330-$360 for ? - load (30 - 40 sq. ft.) $410-$450 for ? - load (50 - 60 sq. ft.) $490-$520 for ? - ? load (66.6 - 70 sq. ft.) $550-$570 for a maximum load (80 sq. ft.) Difficulties encountered in making calculations Various difficulties were encountered for calculation of the cost of collecting trash in Australia in a residential area in actual practice with regard to process cost accounting procedures. Description of these problems is enumerated as below: Determining production quantity At the time of computation of cost there were significant issues in determining production quantities as well as their completion stages. These figures influence all other calculations. As the figures are usually received by the cost department from operation employees who work under conditions which make an accurate count challenging, a specific quantity of duplication, inaccurate estimates and double counts are likely to exist (Weygandt, Kimmel Kieso, 2015). However, the data submitted by the council still forms the basis for determining inventory costs. The council also faced problem in solid waste management cost computation because of the distinction between what residents were paying for the services and what it really cost. The distinction between the actual cost and price represented the quantum the service was subsidised. For this survey has been taken by considering past figures to determine production quantity of waste in residential area. Estimating cost of labour and material charges The calculations of labour and material cost usually demand meticulous scrutiny in the present case. Labour costs are normally regarded as the cost of the first department. In fact, in some sectors, this cost is not even included in production reports. When the prices of labour are impacted by dynamic market conditions, the cost of labour could be recorded separately in a report specifically designed to support management decisions pertaining to material and labour markets (Hiller, Mahlendorf Weber, 2014).To resolve this issue, I had asked the labour charges from the workers and make increment in this cost by considering market factors. Considering feasible assumptions: The discussion of units lost due to evaporation, shrinkage or spoilage shows that the time during which the loss happens impacts the final computing of cost. Several assumptions are pertaining the loss of units resulted in departmental unit costs, which in turn affected the inventory costs, the completed unit cost and the cost of transferred units. Other consideration entails the likelihood of the treatment of cost attributable to the loss which could have been avoided as an expense of the existing period (Ho et al., 2014). Cost principles for different product types: The Council used process cost methods due to the multiple types of products. Joint processing cost was apportioned to the products resultant from the process (Weygandt, Kimmel Kieso, 2015). Weighted unit average cost and other methods were used for prorating the joint cost to the different products. Additional clerical expenses are imperative when units produced were used as the base for cost apportionment, and also because the machine hour and labour hour basis was used to charge overhead in Work-in-Process (D'Onza, Greco Allegrini, 2016). The Council had to decide whether low operational cost and economy were compatible with greater information based on extra cost calculations and methods. Evaluation of proposal Yes, I had absolutely agreed on the proposal of charging annual rubbish and collection fee determined by considering the cost of providing this service. It is because; this approach enhances transparency through which public will be satisfied they are paying for the services actually consumed by them. Furthermore, if I had any objection from this charge, then I can co consider the cost statement to clarify my doubt instead of blaming city council without having appropriate proof of discrepancy in cost. Management accountants have a responsibility to several groups and managing these responsibilities is not always easy, and it can lead to ethical conflicts. The management accountant is an individual responsible for cost accounting functions of an organisation. The management accountant is also called controller and considered being part of the managerial authorities as he is accountable for the collection of important information by considering both internal and external sources of the company. He plays the main role in the process of analysing operating activity and making decisions of an organisation. However, their accountability varies in business concern depending upon the blueprint of the management system (Hiller, Mahlendorf Weber, 2014). The management accountant engages a key position in the organisation as they work as an executive and a member of the board of directors. In the large concern of the company, the management accountant is accountable for the setting up, efficient implementation and development of the systems of management accounting. The accountant is engaged in designing the framework of the financial as well as cost control reports that provides with the valuable information in a timely manner (Weygandt, Kimmel Kieso, 2015). The management accountant are also considered as chief intelligence officer because except top management, no one in the organisation possibly is aware about various functions and strategies of the organisation. The crucial duty of the management accountant is to assist managerial authorities in selection of correct policy and decision in order to make improvement in the efficiency of the business. The management accountant should point out the facts and concerned with the management of course, with discretion, patience, inflexibility and politeness. The accountant must remain impartial with the company where he works. However, the burden for public companies to succeed at a high level may place undue stress and the pressure on an accountant for the formation of financial statements (DesJardins McCall, 2014). The ethical issues for these accountants ascend while maintenance of true reports by considering assets, liabilities and profits of the company without getting affected by the undue influence placed on them by corporate officers of organisation. In such situation, unscrupulous accountants will make alterations in financial records and contrive numbers of the company in order to showcas e false pictures of success of corporate entity. This may provide them benefit for short-term prosperities, but this unethical acts will eventually spell the downfall of the companies at the time when this fraud is traced by the Securities and Exchange Commission. An accountant frequently comes upon the ethical issues regardless of the industry. On the other hand, in situation where decision was taken by the accountant that happens to be the misleading or not viable on the account of erroneousness, biasness or due to fabricated data furnished then they will be personally accountable on the behalf of management controllers (Weiss, 2014). The organisation must remain continually vigilant to reduce the chance of outside forces and to manipulate the financial records though could lead to both ethical and criminal violence. For example; companies frequently need to replace the assets at some points when they have to produce more product in less time for finishing the order they have to change the equipment and other assets also for the better production (Chawla and et.al., 2015). Ethical issues arise since new assets will cover the higher cost, however it will make reduction in the ROI. Management accountant who does not make a recommendation based on ROI will significantly affect the profitability of business. As per the above-described responsibilities the management accountant have a compulsion to abide by ethical conduct towards the organisation, their profession, the public and themselves to preserve the highest standards of right conduct. They are required to be competent to serve best of their belief. For this, they are required to maintain an appropriate level of specialised knowledge by continually increasing the knowledge and skills. They should perform professional duties in agreement with related laws, regulations, and technical standards. They are required to provide decision support information and recommendations which are perfect, obvious, concise, and timely (Hiller, Mahlendorf Weber, 2014). They are responsible for recognising and communicating professional limitations or other restriction that would prevent the responsible judgment or do well presentation of the activity. However, management accountant may face the ethical dilemma of reporting discovered accounting viola tions to the financial accounting standards board. While it is a duty of an accountant to report such violations, in ramifications of the reporting the dilemma arises. The executives and another corporate officer could also face the criminal prosecution, leading to heavy fines and prison time. Management accountants should keep information confidential except when is authorised or legally required. Further, they should inform the all applicable parties regarding the appropriate use of confidential information and monitor secondary activities to ensure compliance. They must refrain from using the classified in sequence for the unethical and illegal advantages (Chawla and et.al., 2015). Although, pressure from top management makes them whistleblower in the effect of greed. The financial world leads to shaving ethical boundaries. For example, an accountant can never let the desire to earn a better living and acquire more possession get in the way of ensuring that they follow ethical guidelines for financial reporting. They are responsible for integrity by ensuring moderate actual disagreement of concentration regularly communicated with the business associates for prevention of apparent conflicts of interest repeatedly and advice all the parties of any prospective disagreement. Further, they should refrain from engaging in any of the performance that would discrimination caring out duties morally (Weygandt, Kimmel Kieso, 2015). They should disclose delays or deficiencies in sequence, appropriateness, dispensation, or internal controls in conformance with association policy and applicable law. However, in various cases when accountant prepares the balance sheet, and at that time they are forced by the corporate officer or executive to omit or leave out the certain financial figures which lead the commercial entity in a bad light to the public and investors. In most of the organisation the management accountants have the most hectic schedule, and also they dont have enough time to interact with their subordinate. It is not possible to implement performance management system into the association if there are no recurrent meetings of the employee with their managers (Crane Matten, 2016). Therefore, the consistent feedbacks are given by managers to their junior, and that does not improve the presentation, but it is good for all in the organisation. In this aspect, overproduction is a major factor of ethical issues. It occurs when management accountant is working profligate with operational managers. Another major aspect in this is an issue of conflicting interest. It is because; accountant normally works for the unsurpassed attention for the corporate entity not being at a position of individual manager or supervisor. An inconsistency of interest rises at a point of time where a management accountant can take benefit at his individual position by making violation of ethical norms (DesJardins McCall, 2014). For example, the cost-plus contract is common areas where these individuals are entailed to shift overhead costs from the profit and loss account to customer contract. Due to this factor, clients are forced to pay higher prices for the same product. This inappropriate allocation of cost can lead to distortion in the accounting statement of the company and potential damages client relationships due to reducing ethics. By considering the above description, it can be concluded that management accountant is crucial part of corporate entity. Thus they are required to comply with the ethical code of conduct while working in the business environment. Though they have to face various ethical dilemmas in a commercial environment, but they can be prevented by operating giving priority to an ethical code of conduct. References Books and Journals Chawla, S. K., Khan, Z. U., Jackson, R. E., Gray, A. W. (2015). Evaluating Ethics Education for Accounting Students. Management Accounting Quarterly, 16(2), 16. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalisation. Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. (2014). Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. D'Onza, G., Greco, G., Allegrini, M. (2016). Full cost accounting in the analysis of separated waste collection efficiency: A methodological proposal. Journal of environmental management, 167, 59-65. Hiller, K., Mahlendorf, M. D., Weber, J. (2014). Management accountants occupational prestige within the company: A social identity theory perspective.European Accounting Review,23(4), 671-691. Ho, W., Koseoglu, A., Lu, D., Yu, K. (2014). An investigation into solid waste accounting. Weiss, J. W. (2014). Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., Kieso, D. E. (2015). Financial Managerial Accounting. John Wiley Sons. Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D., Kieso, D.E. (2015). Managerial accounting: Tools for business decision making (7th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.

Big Bad Caravans Involvement in Forged Advertisement Free Sample

Question: You are Required to Identify Legal Issues, Relevant legal Authority and Describe how you Intend to use this Legal Authority in relation to the Research Hypothetical Questions. Answer: Issue George and Mildred, a married retired couple, had been planning to travel in and around Australia in a huge caravan. They had saved a huge amount to do so as they wanted to travel after they retire from their respective jobs. They made their respective research on the internet regarding the caravan, in order to get the best possible result, as their own caravan. After conducting all their respective researches, the couple approached Frank Snood, who works for Big Bad Caravans, as the sales executive. After making all the research and other respective aspects, the couple decided that they need a 20feet long caravan, with all the modern day perks, such as TV, toilet, shower and a pop out BBQ. After respecting all their requirements, Frank recommended them to buy "victory 2000" which met all their requirements and was within their respective Pallas weight. Frank had told them that the total payload was 300kg as stated by the manufacturer of the caravan. It was mentioned that the total extra weight, which they can carry is as per this weight scale. Other than this, there was an advertisement which stated that the caravan is available at a discount of $20,000. This tempted the couple and they bought the caravan as soon as they saw the advertisement. Not only this, they had even bought an extended warranty for an amount of $1,000, which stated that all the major repairs and other aspects of the caravan will be maintained by the company for the next 5 years. A contract was signed between both the parties and the couple did not read the contract as they thought all the information was provided by Frank. But this was not the case. Later they get to know that the payload weight of the company includes all the availabilities in the caravan already. And they were just left with 5kgs for their clothes. After about 11 months of the caravan, or precisely, after travelling for 11 months, the tires had blown and the vehicle was about to crash severely. The insurance company had refused to pass the claim as it was significantly due to excess payload. And when the couple approached the company to avail the feature of extended warranty, they were told that damage caused by mishandling or improper use is not covered. Not only this, they even realized that the company had just forged the actual rate of $100,000, to show the discounted prices of $80,000, to attract the customers.(Monash University, 2015) Rule The Contract Act, 1984, section 23 states for a fact that any person or persons, who states an information to another person or persons, to ambiguously effect its own interest, or leads to situation of letting a person buy or do things after giving any misinformation is considered to be against the law and breach of contract.(Government, 2015) Section 27A also states for a fact that, if most of the information as known by any of the party is not disclosed to the concerned parties or misrepresented in the form, where their own interest is being satisfied should be considered as an illegal aspect for the government to take strict action against the party. (ACU, 2012) Section 69 of the Contract Act, also states for a fact that the parties involved in these aspects should be notifying clearly about the life insured of the person or any commodity. These are the three most important sections of the Contract Act, which are applied in this case of the couple, George and Mildred and the Frank and the Big Bad Caravan[1]. (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, 2016) Application In the current scenario, George and Mildred can file a suit against Frank and the Big Bad Caravans as they have misled him with the product big time. Not only this, they showed them a fake price of the product and a forged discounted rate. This is one of the major reasons for the company to be in the court under the section 27A. As per the court of law, section 69 also states for a fact that any sort of misreprestantion will not be spared. For example, in the current scenario, the warranty for which the couple has paid $1,000 was not entertained effectively. Not only this were they not even informed regarding the fact that many of the claims regarding the tyre bursting aspect is not being acknowledged only. For this reason, the company can then be taken to the court leading them to have a beneficial aspect as it will help the couple in attaining some amount of the claim.(ACL, 2012) Other than this they can even take the whole scenario to the court under the above mentioned sections as it would ultimately lead them to make sure that they get the claim for the amount of money that they are suppose to get. And also for the forged advertisement and aspects which are being adopted by the company to succumb the customers and the normal people.(Miller, 2014) Conclusion In order to conclude, it should be said that in the current case, Big Bad Caravans will be convicted by the court as they are being involved in forged advertisement, of their respective products. This will ultimately get the whole case in front of the court and Frank would be convicted then. It is, according to this scenario, George and Mildred will be able to have their claim from the company and the insurance people too. Their total amount of insurance is being avoided as well, because of which, it is very much necessary for them to make sure that the whole scenario is exposed under the law. The advertisement, which showed the discounted price of the product, is one of the reasons for the company to be under the radar, and George, being the plaintiff, should bring this under the court of law. According to the sections of the Contract Act, Frank and Big Bad Company would be convicted under the law and appropriate action would be conducted by the court. (J, 2012) (Australian Governme nt, 2016) Bibliography ACL. (2012). Overview of Australian contract law. Retrieved March 28, 2017, from www.australiancontractlaw.com: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law.html ACU. (2012). Contract Law. Retrieved March 28, 2017, from libguides.acu.edu.au: https://libguides.acu.edu.au/c.php?g=234001p=1553409 Australian Government. (2016). Insurance Contracts Act 1984. Retrieved March 28, 2017, from www.legislation.gov.au: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2016C00820 Commonwealth Consolidated Acts. (2016). INSURANCE CONTRACTS ACT 1984. Retrieved March 28, 2017, from www.austlii.edu.au: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ica1984220/ Government. (2015). Australian Contract and Consumer Law. Retrieved March 28, 2017, from https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/ J, C. (2012). Contract Law in Australia, 6th Edition (Paperback). Retrieved March 28, 2017, from store.lexisnexis.com.au: https://store.lexisnexis.com.au/product?product=contract-law-in-australia-6th-edition-paperbackmeta_F_and=9780409330199 Miller, J. (2014). Doing Business in Australia: Contract law. Retrieved March 28, 2017, from www.claytonutz.com: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2014/june/doing-business-in-australia-contract-law Monash University. (2015). Commercial law: Contract law. Retrieved March 28, 2017, from guides.lib.monash.edu: https://guides.lib.monash.edu/commercial-law/contract-law Similar case has happened in the Masters Vs Cameron 91 CLR353